Do all religions worship the same God?

The Rigveda states it plainly: truth is one, and the wise call it by many names. That single line, composed perhaps 3,500 years ago, has shaped Hindu instincts about religious diversity ever since. What it implies is neither that all religions are identical nor that their differences are trivial, but that ultimate reality is one ground from which many paths ascend. Across Hindu thought, from the monistic philosophy of Advaita Vedanta to the passionate devotion of the Bhakti traditions, this sense of a shared source recurs, though what follows from it, and how much the differences between traditions matter, is a question Hindus have answered in genuinely varied ways.

The philosophical school of Advaita Vedanta, associated most closely with the eighth-century thinker Adi Shankaracharya, teaches that beneath the apparent multiplicity of the world there is only one undivided consciousness, Brahman, which is the ground of all existence. From this perspective, when a Christian prays to the Father, a Muslim submits to Allah, or a Hindu devotee worships Shiva or Vishnu, each is in some sense reaching toward the same ultimate reality, even if the conceptual frameworks around that reaching are very different. The names and forms are understood as upaya, skillful means or appropriate expressions, suited to different temperaments, cultures, and levels of understanding. The Rigveda contains a phrase that has echoed through Hindu thought for millennia: that truth is one, and the wise call it by many names. That idea has shaped how a great many Hindus have instinctively understood the religious diversity of the world.

This does not collapse into the view that every religious claim is equally accurate or that distinctions are irrelevant. Thinkers in the Vishishtadvaita tradition, associated with Ramanujacharya, or the dualist Dvaita school of Madhvacharya, hold more differentiated views about the nature of the divine, the soul, and their relationship. Devotional traditions, or bhakti movements, often centre intensely on a particular form of the divine, whether Krishna, Rama, or the Goddess, and take those forms to be not merely symbols but genuinely real expressions of the divine personality. For many Hindu devotees, their relationship with a specific deity is deeply personal and irreplaceable. The tradition holds both the philosophical universalism and the passionate particularity, sometimes in the same person, without forcing a resolution.

Figures like Ramakrishna in nineteenth-century Bengal brought this question into sharp focus in a modern context. Ramakrishna famously practised devotion through different religious traditions, including Islam and Christianity, and reported that each led him to the same experience of the divine. His student Swami Vivekananda carried versions of this universalist vision to a global audience. Their work sits within a particular reform movement and is not representative of all Hindu thought, but it gave the world a distinctive and influential articulation of the idea that religious diversity is something to be embraced rather than explained away. The image often used is of rivers flowing from different starting points toward the same ocean.

If you are wrestling personally with this question, perhaps because you love someone from a different faith, or because you are moving between traditions, or because the sheer variety of human religion feels overwhelming rather than enriching, Hinduism offers something genuinely useful: the idea that your sincere reaching toward the ultimate is not invalidated by the fact that others reach in different directions. The tradition does not ask you to pretend that all paths are identical, or that the journey does not matter. It asks something more honest than that. It suggests that the divine is large enough to be genuinely encountered through more than one door, and that your own door need not be the only real one. That is a different kind of confidence to carry, less defensive and perhaps more spacious, and it may be worth sitting with, whatever tradition you call home.